Só para ela: a feminização da vacina contra o HPV na cobertura midiática brasileira

Authors

  • Juliana Alcantara Universidade de Coimbra
  • Rita Basílio Simões Universidade de Coimbra/Centro de Estudos Sociais da Universidade de Coimbra

Keywords:

jornalismo, saúde pública, vacinação, saúde da mulher

Abstract

O pânico moral, a descrença nas vacinas e o medo das reações adversas deram o tom à campanha de imunização contra o HPV no Brasil, que teve início em 2014 e que privilegiou as meninas na toma da vacina. Neste trabalho, investigamos os padrões discursivos na cobertura noticiosa durante os cinco anos de campanha de vacinação (2014-2018). A partir de uma perspetiva feminista construcionista, analisamos a cobertura mediática desenrolada pelos jornais Folha de S. Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo, nas suas versões online, e recorremos a dois métodos de análise: a análise de conteúdo e a Análise Crítica do Discurso. A partir dos resultados, discutimos como a cobertura midiática reproduz operações de poder sobre o corpo feminino e estereótipos de género, ao mesmo tempo que elege a controvérsia política como um enquadramento dominante para construir o conhecimento sobre o HPV.

References

Alcantara, J., & Ferreira, R. R. (2020). A infodemia da “gripezinha”: uma análise sobre desinformação e coronavírus no Brasil. Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, 1(145), 137-162.

Arif, N., Al-Jefri, M., Bizzi, I. H., Perano, G. B., Goldman, M., Haq, I., ... & Ghezzi, P. (2018). Fake News or Weak Science? Visibility and Characterization of Antivaccine Webpages Returned by Google in Different Languages and Countries. Frontiers in Immunology, 9 (1215).

Armstrong, P. W., & Naylor, C. D. (2019). Counteracting health misinformation: a role for medical journals?. Jama, 321(19), 1863-1864.

Bates, B. R., & Ahmed, R. (2016). Communicating health through mass media: An overview. In B. R. Bates, & R. Ahmed. (Eds.), Health communication and mass media (pp. 29-44). New York and London: Routledge.

Briggs, C. L., & Hallin, D. C. (2016). Making health public: how news coverage is remaking media, medicine, and contemporary life. London and New York: Routledge.

Caldas-Coulthard, C. R. (2007). Caro colega: exclusão linguística e invisibilidade. Discurso & Sociedad, 1(2), 230-246.

Carrieri, V., Madio, L., & Principe, F. (2019). Vaccine hesitancy and (fake) news: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Italy. Health economics, 1377–1382.

Casper, M. J., & Carpenter, L. M. (2008). Sex, drugs, and politics: the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer. Sociology of health & illness, 30(6), 886-899.

Ceron, W., Lima-Santos, M. F., & Quiles, M. G. (2021). Fake news agenda in the era of COVID-19: Identifying trends through fact-checking content. Online Social Networks and Media, 21, 100116.

Connell, E., & Hunt, A. (2010). The HPV vaccination campaign: A project of moral regulation in an era of biopolitics. Canadian Journal of Sociology (Online), 35(1), 63.

Cunha, I. F. (2012). Análise dos media. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra.

Doyal, L. (2009). Health. In P. Essed, D. T. Goldberg, & A. Kobayashi (Eds.). A companion to gender studies (pp. 428-436). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltda.

Dubé, E., Laberge, C., Guay, M., Bramadat, P., Roy, R., & Bettinger, J. A. (2013). Vaccine hesitancy: an overview. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 9(8), 1763-1773.

Fairlclough, N. (1995). Media Discourse. New York: Oxford University Press.

Foucault, M. (1994). História da Sexualidade I – A Vontade de Saber. Lisboa: Relógio D’Água.

Foucault, M. (2013). Right of death and power over life. In T. Campbell & A. Sitze (Eds.). Biopolitics: a reader (pp. 41-81). Duham and London: Duke University Press.

Frewer, L. (2001). Consumer perceptions of the risks and benefits associated with food hazards. In P. Bennett & K.C. Calman (Eds), Risk Communication and Public Health (pp. 20-32). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Galhardi, C. P., Freire, N. P., Minayo, M. C. D. S., & Fagundes, M. C. M. (2020). Fact or Fake? An analysis of disinformation regarding the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25, 4201-4210.

Gatens, M. (1992). Power, bodies and difference. In M. Barrett, & A. Phillips (Eds.), Destabilizing Theory (pp.120-137). Cambridge: Polity Press.

Ghenai, A., & Mejova, Y. (2017). Catching Zika fever: Application of crowdsourcing and machine learning for tracking health misinformation on Twitter. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.03778.

Gill, R (2007), Gender and the Media. Cambridge: Polity

Jaggar, A. M., Bordo, S. R., & de Freitas, B. L. (1997). Gênero, corpo, conhecimento. Rio de Janeiro: Rosa dos Tempos.

Jain, A., Marshall, J., Buikema, A., Bancroft, T., Kelly, J. P., & Newschaffer, C. J. (2015). Autism occurrence by MMR vaccine status among US children with older siblings with and without autism. Jama, 313(15), 1534-1540.

Jervelund, S. S. (2018). How social media is transforming the spreading of knowledge: Implications for our perceptions concerning vaccinations and migrant health. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 46(2), 167–169.

Kaiser, J., Rauchfleisch, A., & Córdova, Y. (2021). Comparative Approaches to Mis/Disinformation| Fighting Zika With Honey: An Analysis of YouTube’s Video Recommendations on Brazilian YouTube. International Journal of Communication, 15, 19.

Kline, K. (2011). Popular Media and Health: Images and Effects. In T. L. Thompson,

Le Breton, D. (1995). Antropología del cuerpo y modernidade. Buenos Aires: Nueva Visión.

Lupton, D. (2003). Medicine as culture. (2 ed) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Lyons, A. C. (2000). Examining media representations: Benefits for health psychology. Journal of health psychology, 5(3), 349-358.

Macharia, S., O'Connor, D., & Ndangam, L. (2010). Who makes the news?: Global media monitoring project 2010. World Association for Christian Communication.

Marinescu, V., & Mitu, B. (2016). The power of the media in health communication. New York and London: Routledge.

Ortiz-Martínez, Y., & Jiménez-Arcia, L. F. (2017). Yellow fever outbreaks and Twitter: Rumors and misinformation. American journal of infection control, 45(7), 816-817.

Ozawa, S.; Stack, L. M. (2013) Public trust and vaccine acceptance-international perspectives, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 9(8), 1774-1778.

Pisciotta, M. K. (2012). Gendering Gardasil: Framing gender and sexuality in media representations of the HPV vaccine. (Master’s thesis, Portland State University) Retirado de: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/807/

Pitts, S., & Forman, S. F. (2019). Media magic or mayhem?. Current opinion in pediatrics, 31(4), 433-434.

Polzer, J. C. & Knabe, S. M. (2012): From Desire to Disease: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and the Medicalization of Nascent Female Sexuality, Journal of Sex Research, 49(4), 344-352.

Prince, J., & Shildrick, M. (Eds.) (2008). Feminist Theory and The Body: a reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

R. Parrott, & J. F. Nussbaum (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of health communication (2 ed) (pp. 279-294) New York and London: Routledge.

Sacramento, I. (2020) Fake news e saúde: regime de verdade e consumo de informações na contemporaneidade. In Oliveira-Costa, M. S. & Vasconcelos, W. R. M. (org.). Fake News e Saúde (pp. 95-99). Brasília: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.

Sacramento, I., & Paiva, R. (2020) Fake news, WhatsApp and vaccination against yellow fever in Brazil. MATRIZes, 14(1), 79-106.

Seale, C. (2003). Health and media: an overview. Sociology of health & illness, 25(6), 513-531.

Simões, R. B. (2016). Crime, Castigo e Género nas Sociedades Mediatizadas: Políticas de Injustiça no Discurso dos Media. Porto: Media XXI.

Spears, G., Seydegart, K., & Gallagher, M. (2000). Who makes the news. Global media monitoring project. Disponível em: http://www.erinresearch.com/images/GlobalReport2000.pdf

Stagg-Taylor, J. (2012). Writing Contagion as Cancer: Law, Gender and HPV Vaccination in Australia. No Foundations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Law and Justice 13(2016), 96-123.

Valecha, R., Volety, T., Rao, H. R., & Kwon, K. H. (2020). Misinformation sharing on Twitter during Zika: An investigation of the effect of threat and distance. IEEE Internet Computing, 25(1), 31-39.

van Dijk, T. (2017). Discurso, Notícia e Ideologia. Estudos na análise crítica do discurso. Minho: Edições Húmus.

Waisbord, S. (2022). More than an infodemic: Pandemic, pos-truth and the dangers of irrationalism. Inmediaciones de la Comunicación, 17(1), 31-53.

White, K. (2002). A sociology of health and illness. London: Sage Publications

Willard, B. E. (2005). Feminist interventions in biomedical discourse: An analysis of the rhetoric of integrative medicine. Women's Studies in Communication, 28(1), 115-148.

Wilkinson, S., & Kitzinger, C. (eds.) (1995). Feminism and discourse: psychological perspectives. London: Sage

Wodak, R. (2004). Do que trata a ACD – um resumo de sua história, conceitos importantes e seus desenvolvimentos. Linguagem em (Dis) curso, LemD, Tubarão, 4(n.esp), 223-243.

World Health Organization. (2019). “Ten threats to global health in 2019”. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/emergencies/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019

Published

2023-12-31

Issue

Section

Artigos