INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL Y DESINFORMACIÓN: TENSIONES ÉTICAS Y ESTRATEGIAS SOCIOTÉCNICAS EN LA ERA DIGITAL
Abstract
This article critically examines the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and disinformation, analyzing how these emerging technologies reshape the processes of truth production, circulation, and validation in digital environments. Drawing on an in-depth analysis of three real cases—a deepfake of President Zelensky, the AI4Media automated fact-checking system, and the dissemination of AI-generated images during the Gaza conflict (2023)—the study identifies structural tensions between automation, ethics, and cognitive power. Findings show that AI functions as an ambivalent epistemic infrastructure, capable of enhancing both strategic falsehood and automated verification, without inherently ensuring cognitive justice. It is argued that combating disinformation demands not only technical frameworks but a new architecture of public governance, epistemic plurality, and algorithmic justice. The paper proposes a critical agenda to rethink informational authority in the post-photographic and algorithmic era.
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