Envolvimento e uso de smartphones. Estudo sobre variações nos tempos de utilização

Autores

Palavras-chave:

Envolvimento smartphone, Uso problemático do smartphone, Adicções comportamentais, Estudos validade escala, Telemóveis.

Resumo

Nos últimos anos, o acesso aos smartphone generalizou-se e em consequência produziram-se alterações importantes no comportamento dos seus utilizadores, as quais são classificadas por diferentes autores como adições ou como usos excessivos. Este artigo apresenta alguns estudos de validade sobre uma versão portuguesa da escala de envolvimento com o smartphone de Walsh et al. (2010) e explora a associação entre esta medida e os tempos de utilização desta tecnologia de comunicação. As conclusões vão no sentido de evidenciar as qualidades psicométricas da escala e a análise dos dados converge com as conclusões de outros estudos, onde o envolvimento com o smartphone varia em função da idade e do sexo. 

Biografia Autor

José Pedro Cerdeira, Politécnico Coimbra – Escola Superior Educação Coimbra, Portugal / I2A / CEIS20

Doutorado em Psicologia Social pela Universidade de Coimbra,  diretor da licenciatura em Comunicação Organizacional no Politécnico Coimbra – Escola Superior Educação.

Investigador integrado no Instituto de Investigação Aplicada (i2A - IPC) e no Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares do Século XX (CEIS20-UC). 

Referências

Akpinar, E., Yesilada, Y., & Temizer, S. (2020). The effect of context on small screen and wearable device users’ performance. A systematic review. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 53(3), 1-44.

Appel, M., Krisch, N., Stein, J., & Weber, S. (2019). Smartphone zombies! Pedestrians’ distracted walking as a function of their fear of missing out. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 130-133.

Backer-Grøndahl, A., & Sagberg, F. (2011). Driving and telephoning: Relative accident risk when using hand-held and hands-free mobile phones. Safety Science, 49(2), 324-330.

Balakrishnan, J., & Griffiths, M. (2017). Social media addiction: What is the role of content in YouTube? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(3), 364-377.

Balakrishnan, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Perceived addictiveness of smartphone games: A content analysis of game reviews by players. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 922-934.

Ballestar-Tarín, M., Sanz, C., Sierra, E., Ortega, C., Angulo, C., & Sabater, A. (2020). Self-perception of dependence as an indicator of smartphone addiction – Establisment of a cutoff point in the SPAI – Spain Inventory. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 3838. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113838.

Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J. (2005). Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(1), 39-51.

Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods & Research, 10(2), 141-163.

Billieux, J. (2012). Problematic use of the mobile phone: A literature review and a pathway model. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 8, 299-307.

Bornman, E. (2012). The mobile phone in Africa: Has it become a highway to the information society or not. Contemporary Educational Technology, 3(4), 278–292.

Castells, M. (2010). Globalisation, networking, urbanisation: Reflections on the spatial dynamics of the information age. Urban Studies, 47(13), 2737-2745.

Catarré, E., & Correia, L. M. (2018). Telemóveis e os jovens: Utilização e preocupações 2016/2017. Lisboa, Informação sobre Radiação Electromagnética em Comunicações Móveis.

Chen, C., Zhang, K., Gong, X., Lee, M., & Wang, Y. (2020). Decreasing the problematic use of an information system: An empirical investigation of smartphone game players. Information Systems Journal, 30(3), 492-534.

Chu, D. (2018). Media use and protest mobilization: A case study of umbrella movement within Hong Kong schools. Social Media + Society, 4(1), 1-11.

CNNIC (2016). The 2015 research report on users’ behaviors of social apps in China. http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/sqbg/201604/P02016072255 1429454480.pdf.

Craig, D., & Cunningham, S. (2019). Social media entertainment: The new intersection of Hollywood and Silicon Valley. New York, New York University Press.

Deloitte (2017). Global mobile consumer trends. Mobile continues its global reach into all aspects of consumers’ lives. https://www2.deloitte.com/ content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/us-global-mobile-consumer-survey-second-edition.pdf

de-Sola, J., Talledo, H., Fonseca, F., Rubio, G. (2017). Prevalence of problematic cell phone use in an adult population in Spain as assessed by the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS). PLoS ONE, 12(8), e0181184. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181184

Duffy, M. (2011). Smartphones in the Arab spring, In M. Steffens, R. Smith, & A. Combs (Eds), IPI Report: Media and money (pp. 53-56). Vienna: International Press Institute.

Ehrenberg, A., Juckes, S., White, K., & Walsh, S. (2008). Personality and self-esteem as predictors of young people's technology use. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 739-741.

Eitivipart, A.C., Viriyarojanakul, S., Redhead, L. (2018). Musculoskeletal disorder and pain associated with smartphone use: A systematic review of biomechanical evidence. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 38 (2), 77-90.

Elhai, J., Dvorak, R., Levine, J., & Hall, B. (2017). Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 251-259.

Elhai, J., Levine, J., & Hall, B. (2019). The relationship between anxiety symptom severity and problematic smartphone use: A review of the literature and conceptual frameworks, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 62, 45-52.

Emirtekin, E., Balta, S., Sural, İ., Kircaburun, K., Griffiths, M., & Billieux, J. (2019). The role of childhood emotional maltreatment and body image dissatisfaction in problematic smartphone use among adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 271, 634–639.

Firth, J., Torous, J., Stubbs, B., Firth, J., Steiner, G., Smith, L., Jimenez, M., Gleeson, J., Vancampfort, D., Armitage, C., & Sarris, J. (2017). The “online brain”: How the internet may be changing our cognition. World Psychiatry, 18(2), 119-129.

Fischer-Grote, L., Kothgassner, O., & Felnhofer, A. (2019). Risk factors for problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents: a review of existing literature, Neuropsychiatrie, 33(4), 179-190.

Fuentes, C., Bäckström, K., & Svingstedt, A. (2017). Smartphones and the reconfiguration of retailscapes: Stores, shopping, and digitalization. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 39, 270-278.

Gardner, H., & Davis, K. (2013). The App generation: How today's youth navigate identity, intimacy, and imagination in a digital world. New Haven, CT: Yale Uni- versity Press.

Gaymard, S., Besson, T., Bessin, M., Egido, A., Coutelle, N., Eberhardt, R., & Hennequin, N. (2019). Driving and use of the mobile phone: A study among 18 to 24-year-old. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 6(3) 109-125.

Google (2017). Consumer barometer study 2017. The year of the mobile majority. https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/intl/en-gb/advertising-channels/mobile/ consumer-barometer-study-2017-year-mobile-majority/

Greenfield, D. (2018). Treatment considerations in internet and video game addiction: A qualitative discussion. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 27(2), 327-344.

Griffiths, M. (1998). Internet addiction: Does it really exists? In J. Gackenbach (Ed.), Psychology and internet (pp. 61.75). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Gutiérrez, J., Fonseca, F., & Rubio, G. (2016). Cell-phone addiction: A review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7, 1-15.

Hale, L, & Guan, S. (2015). Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 21, 50–58.

Harkin, J. (2003). Mobilisation: The growing public interest in mobile technology. London: Demos.

Haug, S., Castro, R., Kwon, M., Filler, A., Kowatsch, T., & Schaub, M. (2015). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 299-307.

Herrero, J., Urueña, A., Torres, A., & Hidalgo, A. (2019). Socially connected but still isolated: Smartphone addiction decreases social support over time. Social Science Computer Review, 37(1), 73-88.

Hill, M., & Hill, A. (2008). Investigação por questionário. Lisboa, Edições Sílabo.

International Telecommunication Union - ITU (2019). Measuring digital development. Facts and figures. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2019.pdf

Kaiser, H. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36.

Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. (2018). Instagram addiction and the Big Five of personality: The mediating role of self-liking. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 158-170.

Kuss, D., & Griffiths, M. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 311. Doi:10.3390/ijerph14030311.

Kuss, D., Harkin, L., Kanjo, E., & Billieux, J. (2018). Problematic smartphone use: Investigating contemporary experiences using a convergent design. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 142. doi:10.3390/ijerph15010142.

Lane, W., & Manner, C. (2011). The impact of personality traits on smartphone ownership and use. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(17), 22–28.

Lemola, S., Perkinson-Gloor, N., Brand, S., Dewald-Kaufmann, J., & Grob, A. (2015). Adolescents’ electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(2), 405–418

Liao, D., Wu, H., & Chen, B. (2020). Social movements in Taiwan and Hong Kong: The logic of communitive action. Asian Survey, 60(2), 265-289.

Liu, X., Luo, Y., Liu, Z., Yang, Y., Liu, J., & Jia, C. (2020). Prolonged mobile phone use is associated with poor academic performance in adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(5), 303-311.

Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D.J., Romo, L., Morvan, Y., Kern, L., Graziani, P., Rousseau, A., Rumpf, H., Bischof, A., Gassler, A., Schimmenti, A, Passanisi, A., Mannikko, N., Kaarianen, M., Demetrovics, Z., Kiraly, O., Choliz, M., Zacarés, J., Serra, E., Griffiths, M., Pontes, H., Kuleta, B., Chwaszcz, J., Zullino, D., Rochat, L., Achab, S., Billieux, J. (2017). Self-reported dependence on mobile phones in young adults: A european cross-cultural empirical survey. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 168–177.

Mahoney, J., Moignan, E., Long, K., Wilson, M., Barnett, J., Vines, J., & Lawson, S. (2019). Feeling alone among 317 million others: Disclosures of loneliness on Twitter. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 20-30.

McLuhan, M., & Powers, B. (1989). The global village. Transformations in world life and media in the 21st century. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mellner, C. (2016). After-hours availability expectations, work-related smartphone use during leisure time, and physical detachment. The moderating role of boundary control. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 9(2), 146–164.

Molyneux, L. (2018). Mobile news consumption: A habit of snacking. Digital Journalism, 6(5), 634-650.

Montag, C., Blaszkiewicz, K., Sariyska, R., Lachmann, B., Andone, I., Trendafilov, B., Eibes, M., & Markowetz, A. (2015). Smartphone usage in the 21st century: Who is active on WhatsApp? BMC Research Notes, 8, 331, Doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1280-z

Mutchler, L., Shim, J., & Ormond, D. (2011). Exploratory study on user’s behavior: Smartphone usage. AMCIS 2011 Proceedings. 418. Disponível em http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2011_submissions/418.

Nunnally J., Bernstein, L. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York, McGraw-Hill.

Oulasvirta, A., Rattenbury, T., Ma, L., & Raita, E. (2012). Habits make smartphone use more pervasive. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 16(1), 105-114.

Panova, T., & Carbonell, X. (2018). Is smartphone addiction really an addiction? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7 (2), 252-259.

Park, J., Kim, K., Kim, N., Choi, I., Lee, S., Tak, S., Yim, J. (2015). A comparison of cervical flexion, pain, and clinical depression in frequency of Smartphone use. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, 7(3), 183-190.

Petry, N., Zajac, K., & Ginley, M. (2018). Behavioral addictions as mental disorders: To be or not to be? Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 14, 399-423.

Pontes, H., Andreassen, C., & Griffiths, M. (2016). Portuguese validation of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale: An empirical study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14 , 1062-1073.

Prensky, M. (2013). Our brains extended. Educational Leadership, 70(6), 22-27.

Przybylski, A., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848.

Puertas, L., Hernández, V., Preto, L., Gámez, G., Puertas, V., & Manrique, G. (2919). Comparative study of nomophobia among Spanish and Portuguese nursing students. Nurse Education in Pratice, 34, 79-84.

Roberts, J., & Pirog, S. (2013). A preliminary investigation of materialism and impulsiveness as predictors of technological addictions among young adults. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(1), 56–62.

Shaikh, A., Karjaluoto, H. (2015). Mobile banking adoption: A literature review. Telematics and Informatics, 32, 129-142.

Simões, J., Ponte, C., Ferreira, E., Doretto, J., & Azevedo, C. (2014). Crianças e meios digitais móveis em Portugal: Resultados nacionais do Projecto Net Children Go Mobile. Lisboa, CESNOVA/NetChildrenGoMobile.

Sohn, S., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N., & Carter, B. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: A systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1-10.

Sola-Gutiérrez, J., Fonseca, F., & Rubio, G. (2016). Cell-phone addiction: A review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7, 1-15.

Stork, C., Calandro, E., & Gillwald, A. (2013). Internet going mobile: Internet access and use in 11 African countries. Info, 15(5), 34–51.

Straker, L., Harris, C., Joosten, J., Howie, E. (2017) Mobile technology dominates school children's IT use in an advantaged school community and is associated with musculoskeletal and visual symptoms. Ergonomics, 61(5), 658–69.

Sung, Y.-T., Chang, K.-E., & Liu, T.-C. (2016). The effects of integrating mobile devices with teaching and learning on students performance: A meta-analysis and research synthesis. Computers & Education, 94, 252-275.

Tabachnick, B., Fidell, L. (2019). Using multivariate statistics. New York, Pearson.

Tapscott, D. (1997). Growing up digital: The rise of the net generation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Ten Bruggencate, T., Luijkx, K., & Sturm, J. (2019). When your world gets smaller: How older people try to meet their social needs, including the role of social technology. Ageing and Society, 39(8), 1826-1852.

Toh, S., Howie, E., Coenen, P., & Straker, L. (2019). “From the moment I wake up I will use it… every day, very hour”: A qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1), 30.

Corbeil, J., Khan, B., & Corbeil, M. (Eds.) (2021). Microlearning in the digital age. The design and delivery of learning in snippets. New York, Routledge.

Vahedi, Z., & Saiphoo, A. (2018). The association between smartphone use, stress, and anxiety: A meta-analytic review. Stress and Health, 34 (3), 347-358.

Walsh, S., & White, K. (2006). Ring, ring, why did I make that call? Mobile phone beliefs and behaviour amoung Australian university students. Youth Studies Australia, 25(3), 49-57.

Walsh, S., White, K., Watson, B., & Hyde, M. (2007). Psychosocial factors influencing mobile phone use while driving. Canberra: Australian Transport Safety Bureau.

Walsh, S., White, K., Hyde, M., & Watson, B. (2008a). Dialling and driving: Factors influencing intentions to use a mobile phone while driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40(6), 1893-1900.

Walsh, S., White, K., & Young, R. (2008b). Over-connected? A qualitative exploration of the relationship between Australian youth and their mobile phones. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 77-92.

Walsh, S., White, K., & Young, R. (2009). The phone connection: A qualitative exploration of how belongingness and social identification relate to mobile phone use amongst Australian youth. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 19(3), 225-240.

Walsh, S., White, K., & Young, R. (2010). Needing to connect: The effect of self on young people’s involvement with their mobile phones. Australian Journal os Psychology, 62(4), 194-203.

Westlund, O. (2013). Mobile news: A review and model of journalism in an age of mobile media. Digital Journalism, 1(1), 6-26.

Xie, Y., Szeto, G., Dai, J., & Madeleine, P. (2016). A comparison of muscle activity in using touchscreen smartphone among young people with and without chronic neck-shoulder pain. Ergonomics, 59(1), 61-72.

Young, K. (1999). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation and treatment. In L. Van de Creek & T. L. Jackson (Eds), Innovations in clinical practice - Vol 17 (pp. 19–31). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.

Downloads

Publicado

2022-05-31

Edição

Secção

Artigos