A ciência cognitiva e a crença em fake news: um estudo exploratório
Palavras-chave:
fake news, cognição, bullshits, desinformação, crençaResumo
A maneira como processamos informação pode determinar a capacidade de discernir fake news de notícias. Este estudo pretende compreender como os aspetos psicológicos e cognitivos estão relacionados com o consumo e divulgação de fake news. Aplicamos um inquérito a 712 participantes, os quais classificaram a credibilidade de um conjunto de títulos de fake news e notícias. Posteriormente, para traçar um perfil psicológico, avaliamos a habilidade cognitiva, o grau de reivindicar conhecimento exagerado e a recetividade a tretas ou bullshits dos participantes. Verificamos que o pensamento reflexivo pode combater o consumo e a disseminação de fake news. A crença em fake news está associada com a intuição, a reclamação de conhecimento excessivo e a aceitação de tretas. As pessoas mais interessadas por notícias de política são menos propensas a acreditar em fake news e em tretas. Assim, o conhecimento político e o raciocínio reflexivo podem ser elementos cruciais para resistir à desinformação política.
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