Ethos, pathos e logos. Análise comparativa do processo persuasivo das (fake) news
Palavras-chave:
Fake news, retórica, narrativa, notíciasResumo
As fake news continuam a ser amplamente partilhadas e consumidas, influenciando e manipulando as crenças dos leitores. O nosso estudo pretende avaliar a capacidade persuasiva das fake news, em comparação com as notícias, através de uma análise textual por meio das provas de persuasão aristotélicas: ethos, pathos e logos. Procedeu-se a uma análise textual de 10 notícias publicadas nas páginas do Facebook de jornais e de 10 publicações das páginas do Facebook de fake news. Os nossos resultados permitiram-nos validar uma metodologia de análise. As fake news preocupam-se em persuadir o leitor contornando o apelo à argumentação fundamentada, procurando dar prioridade ao apelo emocional (pathos) através de sentimentos que se sobrepõem à razão e ao raciocínio no processo persuasivo. Através de uma linguagem simples e de textos mais curtos, as fake news têm uma ação persuasiva heurística, ao contrário das notícias que validam os seus argumentos com factos, evidências e citações.
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