As palavras mapeiam conceitos: representações dos migrantes na imprensa digital portuguesa

Autores

  • Filipa Perdigão Ribeiro Universidade do Algarve - ESGHT
  • Kate Torkington Universidade do Algarve - ESGHT

Palavras-chave:

migrantes, representações sociais, jornais digitais portugueses, análise de corpus

Resumo

Este artigo analisa a construção discursiva na imprensa digital dos termos EMIGRANTE, EXPATRIADO, IMIGRANTE, MIGRANTE e REFUGIADO no período de 2011-2015, O estudo explora a forma como as práticas discursivas jornalísticas (re)constroem e enquadram os vários grupos de migrantes. Com base num corpus especializado de artigos e títulos coligidos a partir das plataformas digitais de três jornais, a análise combina técnicas de análise linguística de corpora e a análise crítica do discurso. O estudo demonstra a existência de representações positivas de Portugal no acolhimento dos migrantes em contraste com representações mais negativas da comunidade internacional em geral e apresenta claras diferenças entre as representações jornalísticas e as definições dicionarizadas; também aponta para o eurocentrismo do discurso e para a passivização e desagencialização das pessoas em trânsito.

Biografias Autor

Filipa Perdigão Ribeiro, Universidade do Algarve - ESGHT

Filipa Perdigão Ribeiro é professora adjunta na Universidade do Algarve, Escola Superior de Gestão, Hotelaria e Turismo (Portugal). É doutorada em Línguística Aplicada pela Universidade de Lancaster (RU). Atualmente, os seus interesses de investigação  são as ligações entre língua(s) e migrações nas suas várias vertentes. Publicou artigos sobre identidade nacional, realiza frequentemente trabalhos de revisão linguística em português e em inglês. Tem participado em diversas conferências nacionais e internacionais e publicado em várias revistas nacionais e internacionais, com arbitragem científica.

Kate Torkington, Universidade do Algarve - ESGHT

Kate Torkington is a Senior Lecturer at the University of the Algarve, School of Management, Tourism and Hospitality (Portugal). She has a PhD in Applied Linguistics from Lancaster University (UK). Her doctoral research, which was based on the discursive construction of place-identity among British residents in southern Portugal, has led to several publications exploring the relationships between discourse and lifestyle migration, including  ‘Place and lifestyle migration: The discursive construction of ‘glocal’ place-identity’ (Mobilities, 7/1, 2012) and ‘Lifestyle Migrants, the Linguistic Landscape and the Politics of Place’, in the collected edition ‘Contested Spatialities, Lifestyle Migration and Residential Tourism’. Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility Series, Janoschka, M. & H. Haas (Eds), Routledge, 2013. She has recently co-edited the volume Practising the Good Life: Lifestyle Migration in Practices (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015).

Referências

Baker, P. (2006). Using Corpora in Discourse Analysis. London: Continuum.

Baker, P.; Gabrielatos, C.; Khosravinik, M.; Krzyzanowski, M.; Mcenery, T. & Wodak, R. (2008).

A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press. Discourse & Society, 19(3): 273-306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926508088962.

Bednarek, M. (2006). Evaluation in media discourse: analysis of a newspaper corpus. London: Continuum.

Berry, M.; Garcia-Blanco, I. & Moore, K. (2015). Press Coverage of the Refugee and Migrant Crisis in the EU: A Content Analysis of Five European Countries. Cardiff: Cardiff School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies.

Blinder, S. & Allen, W. (2016). Constructing Immigrants: Portrayals of Migrant Groups in British National Newspapers, 2010-2012. International Migration Review, 50(1): 3-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12206.

Bolsen, T. (2011). The construction of news: Energy crises advocacy messages, and frames toward conservation. International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(2): 143-162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161210392782.

Breen, M.; Haynes, A. & Devereux, E. (2006). ’Fear, Framing and Foreigners: The Othering of Immigrants in the Irish Print Media’. International Journal of Critical Psychology, 16: 100-121.

Cádima, F. & Figueiredo, A. (2003). Representações (imagens) dos Imigrantes e Minorias Étnicas. Lisboa: ACIME.

Cunha, I.; Santos, C.; Filho, W. & Fortes, I. (2008). Media, imigração e minorias étnicas 2005-2006. Lisboa: ACIDI.

Cunha, I. & Santos, C. (2006). Media, Imigração e Minorias Étnicas II. Lisboa: ACIME.

Cunha, I.; Santos, C.; Silveirinha, M. & Peixoto, A. (2004). Media, Imigração e Minorias Étnicas I. Lisboa: ACIME.

Dor, D. (2003). On newspaper headlines as relevance optimizers. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(5): 695-721.

EUROSTAT (maio 2015). Migration and migrant population statistics. Disponível em . Consultado em 22.10.2018.

EUROSTAT (março 2017). Migration and migrant population statistics, Disponível em http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Migration_and_migrant_population_statisti

cs. Consultado em 06.09.2017.

EUROSTAT (julho 2017). First population estimates EU population up to almost 512 million at 1 January 2017 Increase driven by migration. Disponível em http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/docume

nts/2995521/8102195/3-10072017-AP-EN.pdf/a61ce1ca-1efd-41df-86a2-bb495daabdab. Consultado em 06.09.2017.

Fairclough, N. (1995). Media Discourse. London: Hodder Arnold.

Georgiou, M.&Zaborowski, R. (2017). Media coverage of the “refugee crisis”: A cross European perspective. Council of Europe report DG1(2017)03. Disponível em: https://rm.coe.int/1680706b00.

Gabrielatos, C. & Baker, P. (2008). Fleeing, sneaking, flooding. A corpus analysis of discursive constructions of refugees and asylum seekers in UK Press, 1996-2005. Journal of English Linguistics, 36(1): 5-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424207311247.

Horsti, K. (2007). Asylum Seekers in the news: frames of illegality and control. Observatório (Obs*) Journal, 1(1): 145-161.

ICMPD – International Centre for Migration Policy Development (2017). How does the media on both sides of the Mediterranean report on Migration? A study by journalists, for journalists

and policymakers. EUROMED Migration IV (EMM4, 2016-2019). European Union.

Ifantidou, E. (2009). Newspaper headlines and relevance: Ad hoc concepts in ad hoc contexts. Journal of Pragmatics, 4: 699-720. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.10.016.

Johnson, S. & Ensslin, A. (2007). Language in the media: theory and practice. In S. Johnson & A. Ensslin (eds.), Language in the Media: Representations, Identities and Ideologies (pp. 3-22). London and New York: Continuum.

Klocker, N., & Dunn, K. (2003). Who’s driving the asylum debate? Newspaper and government representations of asylum seekers. Media International Australia, 109(1): 71-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X0310900109.

Khosravinik, M. (2009). The representation of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in British Newspapers During the Balkan Conflict (1999) and the British General Election (2005). Discourse and Society, 20(4): 477-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926509104024

Liu, Z. (2005). Reading behavior in the digital environment: Changes in reading behavior over the past ten years. Journal of Documentation, 61(6): 700-712. http://doi.org/10.1108/00220410510632040

Liu, Z. & Huang, X. (2016). Reading on the move: A study of reading behavior of undergraduate smartphone users in China. Library & Information Science Research, 38(3): 235-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2016.08.007

Oliveira, C. & Gomes, N. (2016). Indicadores de Integração de migrantes. Relatório Estatístico Anual. Observatório das migrações. Disponível em www.acm.gov.pt/.

Perruchoud, R. (ed.) (2009). Glossário sobre migração. Direito Internacional sobre Migrações, n.º 22. Genebra, Organização Internacional para as Migrações.

Pires, S. (2002). A etnicização da imigração na imprensa portuguesa. Antropológicas, 6: 247-263.

IOM/UNHCR (2009). Manual do Professor: Não São Apenas Números Jogo de Ferramentas Educacional Sobre Migração e Asilo na Europa. Bélgica. OIM/ACNUR.

Ribeiro, F. (2010). The discursive construction of Portuguese national identity in the media thirty years after the 1974 revolution. Tese de Doutoramento, Lancaster, Department of Linguistics

and English Language, Lancaster University, Reino Unido.

Scott, M. (2012). WordSmith Tools Version 6. Stroud: Lexical Analysis Software.

Torkington, K. & Ribeiro, F. (2019). What are these people: migrants, immigrants, refugees?: Migration-related terminology and representations in Portuguese digital press headlines. Discourse,

Context & Media, 27: 22-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.dcm.2018.03.002

van Dijk, T. A. (1988). News as Discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

van Dijk, T. A. (1991). Media contents: The interdisciplinary study of news as discourse. In K. Bruhn-Jensen & N. Jankowksi (eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Methods in Mass Communication

Research (pp. 108-120). London: Routledge.

van Dijk, T. (2000). Ideologies, Racism, Discourse: Debates on Immigration and Ethnic Issues. In J. Wal & M. Verkuyten (eds.), Comparative perspectives on racism (pp. 91-116). Aldershot:

Ashgate.

van Gorp, B. (2005). Where is the frame? Victims and intruders in the Belgian Press Coverage of the Asylum issue. European Journal of Communication, 20(4): 484-507. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323105058253.

van Leeuwen, T. (1996). The Representation of Social Actors. In C. Caldas Coulthard & M. Coulthard (eds.), Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis (pp. 32-70).

London: Routledge.

Vieira, I. (2015). The Construction of the Mediterranean Refugee Problem from the Italian Digital Press (2013-2015): Emergencies in a Territory of Mobility. Networking Knowledge, 9(4): 1-19.

Vieira, R. & Trindade, J. (2008). Migration, culture and identity in Portugal. Language and Intercultural Communication, 8(1): 36-49. https://doi.org/10.2167/laic266.0.

Wodak, R. (2008). Introduction: Discourse Studies – important concepts and terms. In R. Wodak & M. Krzy˙zanowski (eds.), Qualitative Discourse Analysis in the Social Sciences (pp. 1-29).

New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Downloads

Publicado

2019-05-31